The Possible Missing Ingredients in Engineering Higher Education

The Possible Missing Ingredients in Engineering Higher Education – Mastering Self, Agency to Shift Disempowering Norms and Socialization, and Mastering Technical Skills

Context and Autoethnography

  • We are youth who completed our engineering bachelors from rural colleges.At the end of our bachelor’s, we found that we lacked skills and any specific guidance on meaningful employment or life.
  •  This research paper represents our experience in Becoming and Being a Shifu (Master) program (BnB Shifu) is a 1-year residential program where we experienced being our full potential and developing the five minds of the future not addressed in college.
  • Autoethnography offers a way of giving strength and voice to personal
    experience to extend social understanding of being.
  • We feel that the autoethnography methodology based on our reflections is appropriate for this paper as we are addressing the lack of reflection in youth and our education system. We hope the multiple (five) reflections reduce the weakness of autoethnography of not being general enough.

Conference_Paper_presentation


 

Radical transformational leadership session reflection

Dharani, who is a Stemland volunteer her reflection on Stewardship program.

My name is Dharani. I stand for perseverance, courage, and equality for myself and others. This is my first RTL session and I learnt so many tools which lead to a transformation in me. In this session, I got to learn about my Stand and fear, my four profiles, background conversations, and deep listening. It helped me in identify my universal values and my stand. I gained an understanding of my fears and how to overcome them. I acquired knowledge of conquering my background conversations which degrades my performance by implementing a deep listening to situations.

On the first day of the session, I pursued that my universal values lie within me and I must try to figure them out and stand within. I did the instructed exercises in the session which helped me figure out my values and started working with them in my projects.

The next day I read up on the four important profiles – wisdom profile, social profile, personality profile, and professional profile. I became competent in my wisdom profile and realized to respect the four profiles of others by not being biased or being judgemental ensuring diversity.

On the third day of the session, I assimilated to handle my background conversations. Whenever I m into a situation I may get the following background conversations like right /wrong, agreeable or not, sometimes finding a flaw in an issue, thought of not responsible, Us/them, either this or that, this is not enough likewise. They may lead me to prejudices and make a decision accordingly. But I grasped that I should ignore all these and have a deep listening to the situations and make a decision.

On the last day of the session, a movie named 12 Angry men was played and insights were to be made on it. From the movie, I grasped that I should stand with my universal value on how hard the situation may be. I should not be judgemental based on one’s social, professional, and personality profile. If I m preoccupied with background conversations like prejudices it lets me down. So I should have a deep listening to the situation before I make a decision.

Overall, I acquired skills of being a leader and taking leadership by standing with my universal values. Standing with my inner potential guides me to overcome fear and background conversations. Hence I can perform well and groom myself. I felt privileged to attend this session.

Sanjay Tumati reflection

The last week’s reflection covered the similarity between teaching adults and children. Here we will cover a few differences as they pertain to language skills.

 

  1. The biggest difference I noticed was the language. Since I am not a Tamilian, my Tamil language skills are zero to non-existent. Thus I am reduced to communicating in English or in broken Tamil. Adults, by and large are more comfortable than children in their command of English and thus I am able to make myself understood more easily with them when it comes to explaining concepts like connectivity, voltage, current flow, voltage division, LED drops etc.

 

  1. The one kid with whom I was most effective was from Nepal and was fluent in Hindi which I am as well. 80% of the instruction regarding subtle concepts was delivered in Hindi as his command of English was found inadequate to understand what I was trying to communicate. Now, during sleepovers in Isai Ambalan, I find that I am most effective with his younger brother as I lapse into Hindi in spite of myself.

 

  1. It is all very well to insist that the children learn how to communicate in English, given that English is a global and indispensable language worldwide.
    1. However, I cannot wait for the child to become fluent in English before we start explaining subtle concepts.
    2. Neither can I reasonably insist on instructing in English regardless of whether he/she understands it or not. The concepts are hard enough to understand even in one’s mother tongue. Why make it harder than it is?
    3. It has to be understood that I get a few hours a week with a child, much less than what is spent in school. I trust that these few hours of interacting in a non-English language will not significantly impact the child’s grasp of English in an adverse way

 

  1. If I am to be effective in working with children, then it is imperative that I improve my command of the Tamil language or else this is a non-starter at worst and will quickly stagnate at best.

 

  1. Another option is to train the youth in electronics and they can pass this on to the kids. So this means I do not work with kids directly and work with the youth on this. However, this may not always be feasible since
    1. the youth may not be interested in Electronics or in teaching Electronics (they may well want to teach something else)
    2. The supply pool of youths interested in electronics is smaller than the supply pool of children interested in electronics

 

  1. The best solution appears to be a mix of the two. Keep improving Tamil language skills while also training the youth in circuits.

 

  1. The big bottleneck in improving Tamil language skills is the availability of time. In between working for Aura, working with Youths in the Shifu program, Sleepovers, morning electronic classes (will not be there in May), evening electronics lab (now reduced to 3 days a week), personal work, daily meditation, daily exercise, organizing Vipassana one-day course and group sits, organizing Vipassana courses (to come) it is not clear where the time to learn Tamil will come from.

 

  1. A solution certainly exists for this problem, but I have not found it yet. This will require some creativity, some application to Vipassana (reduce time spent in sleep, reduce time being wasted), RTL (sourcing inner capacities, what do I care about, how much do I care about it, what I am willing to give up for it?)

~Sanjay

Vim Editor Session

Vim Editor Session

~SriBhavani and Bakyalakshmi

On 18th Jan 2022, we had a session on vim by HarshaVaradhan from AuraSemiconductors. In this blog, we share what we have learned about vim and how we use it.

Introduction:

Vim is a highly configurable text editor built to create and change any kind of text very efficiently. Vim Editor has its own configuration file called vimrc.  This can be customizable based on how we want to see GVIM

  • Vim has the Two modes of operation
    • Command Mode
    • Insert Mode

Command Mode:

To enter into the command mode press ESC.

There are two sub-modes in the command mode.

  1. Command Line Editing ?  “:” followed by the command

(eg) :q- to quit the editor window

  1. Command-line window ? Directly enter the command It will automatically execute once it got the valid sequence

(eg) dd – delete the current line

Insert Mode:

There are two ways to enter into insert mode.

  1. i ? Enter into the Insert mode at the point where the cursor present
  2. o ? Enter into the Insert mode with the new line, next to the Cursor line

Few commands to access vim editor in the Command line window:

  • dd ? Delete the cursor line. 
  • ndd ? Delete the n lines from the cursor position
  • gg ? Go to File Starting. 
  • GG ? Go to End of the File.
  • Ngg ? Go to nth line in the file.
  • yy ? Copy the Cursor line
  • Nyy ? Copy N lines from the cursor line
  • u ? undo the changes
  • ctrl+R ? Redo the last changes
  • ggVG ?  This will select all the file data
  • y ? copy the selected content
  • p ? paste copied content

 

Few commands to access vim editor in Command Line Editing

  • :w ? To save the file
  • :q! ? close the editor without saving the changes
  • :vsp ? Split the same vim editor file in two windows vertically
  • :sp ? Split the same vim editor file in two windows Horizontally
  • :tabnew ? Open newtab
  • :E ? To open the file tree
  • :se nu ? Show line numbers in the text editor
  • :se nonu ? Remove line numbers in the text editor

 

Search 

  • Type ” / “  to search a word or sentence in command mode

(e.g.) /cat – it will highlight all occurrence of word “cat” in the file

  • n ? show next occurrence from current to bottom
  • N ? Show search word occurrence from current to top

Search and replace: 

:%s/Old/New/gc Search for word “Old” and replace by “New”, ask confirmation before replace
:%s/old/NEW/gi Case insensitive, Search all possibilities of word “old” and replace by “NEW”
:%s/Old/New/gI Case sensitive, Search “Old” replace by “New”
:%s/Old/New/g Replace all occurrence of “Old” by “New”, without asking for confirmation 

 

MAKEY MAKEY

Makey Makey is an invention kit by the MIT media lab. With Makey Makey, everyday objects are transformed into touchpads empowering students to interact with computers as creative tools. The computer becomes an extension of their creativity, fostering imaginative play and discovery.

“Makey Makey” is a play on words – students having the ability to Make their Keyboards (“Ma-Key”). The mundane and boring keyboard is replaced by any object that conducts electricity – pie pans, Play-Doh, bananas, and even potted plants – the list goes on.

The heart of Makey Makey is its circuit board that connects to a computer via a USB cable. Building circuits that can be used like a joystick or a keyboard key allows users with no coding experience to use Makey Makey to learn, experiment, and invent.

Makey Makey paves the way for “Integrative STEM Education”. “Integrative STEM education” refers very specifically to instructional approaches that intentionally situate the teaching and learning of science, technology, engineering, and /or mathematics concepts and practices in the context of hands-on engineering, designing, and making.

The Makey Makey kit includes the Makey Makey board, a USB cable, seven alligator clips, six connector wires, and an instruction sheet.

Working of Makey-Makey:

  • Plug in the USB of Makey Makey to the computer.
  • Connect to Earth-Connect one end of an alligator clip to “Earth” on the bottom of the front side of Makey Makey.
  • Hold the metal part of the other end of the alligator clip between your fingers.
  • While you are still grounded, touch the round “Space” pad on the Makey Makey. A green light should appear on the Makey Makey, and the computer will “think” the spacebar was pressed. Also, complete the circuit by connecting another alligator clip to “Space.
  • Experiment by turning various items, objects, or substances into a computer key.

Using Makey Makey with scratch:

Scratch is a programming language where interactive stories, games, and animations can be created. The Chase game is an example of a program made using the Makey Makey. The game is played with the arrow keys and the notes can be remixed for an array of versions.

This chasing game was coded from scratch and used the Makey Makey kit as a joystick controller.

Reflection from Sri Bhavani:
From the Makey Makey hands-on projects with children, they have learned about conducting and non-conducting materials. Current doesn’t flow in an open loop. They learned the open-loop and closed-loop of a circuit. x,y coordinates while moving the sprite.

Piano using Makey Makey.

Area of the circle using the derivatives of the rectangle in GeoGebra.

Area of circle:

The area of a circle is the region covered or enclosed within its boundary. It is measured in square units. The area covered by one complete cycle of the radius of the circle on a two-dimensional plane is the area of that circle.

 

Area of circle formula:

Let us take a circle with a radius r from the center ‘o’ to the boundary of the circle. Then the area for this circle, A, is equal to the product of pi and the square of the radius. It is given by; 

Area of a Circle, A = πr2 square units

Here, the value of pi, π = 22/7 or 3.14, and r is the radius.

Deriving the area of the circle:

The area of a circle can be visualized & proved using two methods, namely

  • Determining the circle’s area using rectangles.
  • Determining the circle’s area using triangles.

Using the area of a rectangle:

The circle is divided into equal sectors, and the sectors are arranged as shown in fig. 3. The area of the circle will be equal to that of the parallelogram-shaped figure formed by the sectors cut out from the circle. Since the sectors have equal areas, each sector will have an equal arc length. The blue coloured sectors will contribute to half of the circumference, and the yellow-coloured sectors will contribute to the other half. If the number of sectors cut from the circle is increased, the parallelogram will eventually look like a rectangle with length equal to πr and breadth equal to r.

The area of a rectangle (A) will also be the area of a circle. So, we have

  • A = π×r×r
  • A = πr2

Let’s see the practical execution of the area of the circle using the derivatives of the rectangle in GeoGebra.

Step 1: By using a slider operation, create a number slider (n) with the following values.

  • Set Min – 1; Max- 100 and increment as 1.

Step 2: By using a slider operation, create a radius slider (r) with the following values.

  • Set Min – 4; Max- 10 and increment as 0.1.

Step 3: Plot a point A and draw a circle with radius r by keeping A as the center.

Step 4: Plot a point B anywhere on the circle.

Step 5: Give input as Rotate (B,360°/n, A).

Step 6: Now point B’ appears.

Step 7: Draw a segment between B and B’.

Step 8: Plot the midpoint C and draw a segment connecting the center and point C.

Step 9: Give the following set of inputs:

  • List1=Sequence (Rotate(B,j(360°)/n,A),j,0,n).
  • List2=Sequence (circularsector (A, Element (List1, j), Element (List1,j+1)),j,1,n,2).
  • List3=Sequence (circularsector (A, Element (List1, j), Element (List1,j+1)),j,2,n,2).
  • List4=Sequence(circularsector((jf,0), (jf+f/2,g)(jf+(-f)/2,g))),j,0,n/2-1).
  • List5=Sequence (circularsector((jf+f/2,g),(jf+0,0),(jf+f,0))),j,0,n/2-1).

Step 10: Now we can observe the sectors getting formed and listed as per the input.

Step 11: Colour the sectors accordingly and insert the text for the area of the rectangle.

Step 12: By moving the number slider we observe the desired output. i.e., Area thus formed by the sectors forms a rectangle.

https://www.geogebra.org/calculator/sczjra48

Aadu Puli Attam

The Lambs and Tigers Game locally referred as the Game of Goats and Tigers (TamilAadu puli aatamTeluguMeka puli aataKannadaAadu Huli aata) or Pulijudam, is a strategic, two-player (or 2 teams) leopard hunt game that is played in south India. The game is asymmetric in that one player controls three tigers and the other player controls up to 15 lambs/goats. The tigers ‘hunt’ the goats while the goats attempt to block the tigers’ movements.

  • This is the ancient game played in southern part of India especially in the states of Andhra PradeshKarnataka and Tamil Nadu.
  • The board is drawn on parapet inside the mahadwara of the Chamundeshwari temple atop Chamundi Betta (hill) in Mysore, Karnataka
  • This game helps people to develop strategy and concept of teamwork by teaching that even though weak, if united, one can vanquish the stronger enemy as a team.
  • This game is very similar to the Korean game of Yut.

Guest talk regarding Feminist Approach To Technology

FAT:

Feminist Approach To Technology (FAT),  FAT is organizing STEM Talk series webinar from January to March 2021, “STEM और हम, स्टेम पर लड़कियों द्वारा चर्चा ”  where women will share their journey, achievements, and challenges in the STEM domain. They will discuss how they were able to break gender barriers and fulfill their dreams.

Through these monthly talks, we are aiming that more girls get inspiration from this talk and advocate STEM education for young girls and women so that they can start thinking about education/career in STEM from an early age.

On March 14th I gave a talk over zoom.

 

STEMland in rural and what are opportunities it’s gives

STEMland at a rural place will give the children, youth, and even adults an opportunity to learn about science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.

Science and Mathematics:

There are many dropouts in a rural place where the children and youths are forced to go to work or children lose interest to learn. Children lose interest to learn as it is not interesting or not fun for the children to learn. In Stemland we make learning science and mathematics through practical means and through programs in laptops. By this, we make learning more fun and interesting to the children and youths. This also gives access to the children and youth to interact with technology programs.

For example,

We have made a practical method to show the a3-b3 using 3d printer and Alice(3d visual programming tool). The children program in Alice and show the visualization of the formula. They also have designed cubes to show the formula. By, this the children are able to understand the concept more easily.

From this, I can say that the children in rural place will have difficulties in language, but as they learn by programing, seeing and touching it makes learning more fun and therefore there is no language barrier.

This also gives the children and youth to interact with technologies. In this process they learn programming skills and designing skills. Here education will not only be theoretical but where they use their hands and minds together.

Technology:

I see most of the rural place is not equipped with latest technologies or even have access to it. I see Stemland as a societal change maker as it brings technology into rural places.

It can also be the first time for the children and youth to get access to laptops and other technologies.

How do I encourage girl children or women to stem education?

The first thing that comes into my mind when I hear this question is that I need to be encouraged in stem education first, then only I can encourage others. I truly believe that Stem education is the future. This is where there is equality in learning, where there is freedom with responsibility which is taken by the students by themselves not forced by the society, parents, or teachers.

I will share my experience with girl’s involvement in stem education. In my beginning days in STEMland, I saw girls getting actively involved in soldering the electronic equipment. I was surprised to see this. I thought that girls will basically work on laptops and do not want to get their hands dirty but here what I saw was the opposite. The girls opened an old Christmas light which was not working and fixed it. This is a true example of showing the interest of women’s child which is breaking the social and cultural norms.

 

In Stem education, we also provide sessions in leadership qualities where one discovers their potential within themselves and how to come out of fear. This helped me a lot to come out of my fear and to act from my possibilities. There is a practice or thinking in our society that girls should only do this not that and they are not fit for this job and all. Framed by society a girl is set to have boundaries and live within the boundaries. Stem education will be medium which will break the boundaries and will surely make the child work from her possibilities rather than her fear. Stem education has a wide range of opportunities, where a girl child can choose what she really wants from her heart then be forced to.

Post: https://www.facebook.com/92094187593/posts/10159165280042594/

Choice Architecture: Nudging students to make better choices

~Aravindh & Sunil

Choice architecture is a method to extend multiple choices to individuals and giving them liberty in choosing an option coherently. In Choice architecture, consumer behaviour is taken into consideration while designing the alternatives and represented in a way that individuals select the option that is more aligned to  the provider. In schools, choice architecture is an excellent way to improve students’ physical and mental well being. Healthy habits can be nurtured in children using Choice architecture.

In one of the outreach schools in Auroville,  around 4 in 10 students were anaemic. Students eschewed nutritious snack and preferred tasty snack. In this case, children are often under a familiarity bias. A familiarity bias is when one decides to stay within their comfort zone. In this case, children portray absurdity heuristics; they tend to put away the nutritious food. They didn’t want to consume healthy food separately. To overcome this, the facilitators came up with a brilliant idea to blend drumstick leaves, dates, and peanuts (which are rich in iron) with porridge to keep the taste balanced with nutrition. After that, students preferred this snack and started to consume without any excuses. This nutritious mix meal resulted in a significant improvement in their health. 

The core driver behind this action is that the mere thought of eating food reminds us of how we feel when we eat it. Digestion starts with sight and smell. Instead of giving nutritious food separately, we can blend both nutritional and non-nutritional elements in the lunch meal. Children usually default to choices which are suitable to their taste and tend to take smaller portions that are easy for them to digest. By disguising nutritious food as per their preferred taste and size, we can nudge them to have a healthy meal.

Nudging courtship with life

~Punithan & Poovendiran

“ A choice architect has the responsibility for organising the context in which people make decisions” – Richard H. Thaler, Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness.

In general, Nudging is a choice architecture which is a positive reinforcement and indirect suggestions to make a choice or course of action. The idea of Nudging is all about applying the concepts of decision making and behavioural economics to yield a better and spontaneous decision, without limiting the choice. Putting it more straightforwardly, Nudging is helping people in making better choices for oneself without restricting their freedom of choice.

You can nudge for GOOD, or you can nudge for EVIL. Nudging not only contributes to the business world but also for the wellness of the society. Nudging helps to influence and direct people in the right way as we discuss two topics and examples here. 

Social Nudging is the concept of positioning our direction of a nudge for a social cause. When you nudge a person, and if his choice contributes something to society, then it falls under this category. Recently, a 90 years old man was in the limelight on social media. The chat waala opens his ‘Bhaba ka Dhaba’ stall early in the morning and closes it by 5:30 in the evening, finishing all his stock. But during this pandemic, he couldn’t make ends meet. A famous food blogger got concerned about the older man’s dire situation. The food blogger recorded a video of the older man (she fondly calls her Uncle Ji) and posted it on her social handle. Fortunately, many people stepped up to show their support for Uncle Ji. Many celebrities also posted on their social handles. We can see both the food blogger and the stars have nudged the society to contribute something for someone’s good. 

Nudging can be a handy tool in teaching — a hard lesson in the right way. A famous incident became viral on social media. As the incident goes, a teacher intentionally wrote a wrong equation on the blackboard. Students started to laugh at the teacher’s mistake. Then, the teacher explained the reason behind it, “You students did not appreciate me when I wrote the correct ones, but you all started to laugh when I made one mistake.” She added “The world is more similar to you; when you do many good things, no one will appreciate you. But when you do one bad thing, people will start to criticise you, and they will forget all the good things you did”. This is behavioural science is related to negativity bias where one tends to have a negativity dominance and tend to emphasise on that. Mistakes are a never-ending part of our life. We should  improve ourselves from those mistakes. The teacher nudged an important message into those students’ minds – to be mindful, determined and confident in their life.