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Op-Amp positive feedback design

The following circuit has a voltage source that operates between 3V and 5V and is connected to the Op Amp’s positive input, across a resistor divider R2 and R1 at the node Va. The simulation is run for 200m secs. The design...

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LtSpice – Introduction

LTspice IV is a high performance SPICE simulator, schematic capture and waveform viewer with enhancements and models. The simulator software can be downloaded from the following link: ltspice.linear-tech.com/software/LTspiceIV.exe The following is a circuit on how to use a switch ” .model ”...

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Tabulating the obtained values

        The frequency and the sine wave was set by the function generator. The input, output wave forms were observed from the CRO. The conditions taken were  a 50KΩ , 1KΩ and a current source. The input was fed to the 2.1...

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NPN Transistor as an Amplifier :

We wanted to use the transistor as an amplifier. The input voltage at the base was 3v. Two resistors, one at the emiiter(R1) and the other at the collector(aR1) were connected. 9v supply was given at R1. Constraints : We wanted head...

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PNP Transistor as a Current Source

We wanted to use a transistor as a current source. Two resistors, one at the emiiter(R1) and the other at the collector(R2) were connected. A voltage divider circuit with a supply of 9v was connected at the base that could supply certain...

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Calculating ESL of a Capacitor

Impedance of Various 100μF Capacitors : The figure tells us that the impedance of a capacitor will decrease monotonically as frequency is increased. In actual practice, the ESR causes the impedance plot to flatten out. As we continue up in frequency, the...

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Circuit Analysis

  Assume a current ‘i’ flows in a particular direction. The voltages at the nodes have been named as vin, v1,v2 At node v2 : At node v1 : Through SL1 : At vin : v1 and v2 in terms of vin...

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Circuit Analysis

Circuit Analysis pdf let us take the above circuit into consideration, with three nodes namely: and i is the current passing through them. 1. Considering node v2 : 2. Now at node v1 : 3. To determine vin : 4. The current i...

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Powering up an LED

PoweringUpLED pdf Powering up an LED ledcalc.com ; A useful tool to determine the value of resistors to be used in the circuit. V = I × R (Ohm’s law) supply voltage = 5V resistor used = 2 x 33ohm resistor connected in parallel = 16.5 ohm...

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Capacitor

Capacitor pdf Capacitor Information A capacitor (originally known as a condenser) is a passive two-terminal electrical component used to store energy electro statically in an electric field. The forms of practical capacitors vary widely, but all contain at least two electrical conductors (plates)...

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